Overview
Clevo’s UEFI firmware update packages included sensitive private keys used in their Intel Boot Guard implementation. This accidental exposure of the keys could be abused by an attacker to sign malicious firmware using Clevo’s Boot Guard trust chain, potentially compromising the pre-boot UEFI environment on systems where Clevo’s implementation has been adopted.
Description
Intel Boot Guard is a platform integrity technology, providing a root of trust that protects the earliest stages of the boot process. It cryptographically verifies the Initial Boot Block (IBB) and prevents the execution of untrusted firmware. Operating before UEFI is initialized, Boot Guard ensures that only authenticated firmware is executed during the earliest pre-boot stage. Boot Guard is often confused with UEFI Secure Boot, but Secure Boot operates later in the process, enforcing trust within the UEFI firmware execution phase and during the transition from UEFI to the operating system.
Clevo Co. is a computer hardware and firmware manufacturer that operates as both an Original Design Manufacturer (ODM) and an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM), producing laptops and UEFI firmware used by various personal computer brands. One of Clevo’s publicly released UEFI software executables included private keys integral to its Boot Guard trust chain. Because Clevo’s firmware is integrated into products from other manufacturers, the exposure may have supply chain implications extending beyond Clevo-branded systems.
Impact
An attacker with write access to flash storage for a system, whether through physical access or a privileged software update mechanism, could abuse the leaked keys to sign and install malicious firmware. Such firmware would be trusted at the early stages that will be protected by Boot Guard, allowing compromise of the affected UEFI systems and thus enabling persistent and stealthy control over the device.
Solution
While Clevo has reportedly removed the affected software containing the leaked keys, no public remediation steps have been announced by Clevo at this time.
Users of Clevo-based devices, including those from other OEMs that integrate Clevo firmware, should:
* Assess their exposure to affected firmware versions.
* Monitor systems for unauthorized firmware modifications.
* Apply firmware updates only from verified and trusted sources.
Acknowledgements
This issue was responsibly disclosed by the Binarly Research Team, with initial reporting by Thierry Laurion. This document was written by Vijay Sarvepalli.

Overview
The Kiwire Captive Portal, provided by SynchroWeb, is an internet access gateway intended for providing guests internet access where many users will want to connect. Three vulnerabilities were discovered within the product, including SQL injection, open redirection, and cross site scripting (XSS), allowing an attacker multiple vectors to compromise the device. All three of the vulnerabilities have been addressed by the vendor. Customers using the Kiwire Captive Portal are recommended to update to the latest version of the product to remediate the vulnerabilities.
Description
The Kiwire Captive Portal is a guest wifi solution that provides users with internet access through a login system. The product is used in various different capacities across different enterprises, including hotels, office systems, and other companies. Three vulnerabilities have been discovered within the product that allow an attacker to compromise the Kiwire Captive Portal database, redirect users to a malicious website, and trigger JavaScript upon visiting the captive portal with the malicious payload appended in the URL.
The following is a list of the CVE assignments and their respective vulnerability details:
CVE-2025-11188
The Kiwire Captive Portal contains a blind SQL injection in the nas-id parameter, allowing for SQL commands to be issued and to compromise the corresponding database.
CVE-2025-11190
The Kiwire Captive Portal contains an open redirection issue via the login-url parameter, allowing an attacker to redirect users to an attacker-controlled website.
CVE-2025-11189
The Kiwire Captive Portal contains a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability within the login-url parameter, allowing for JavaScript execution.
Impact
The vulnerabilities allow an attacker to exfiltrate sensitive data from the Kiwire Captive Portal database (CVE-2025-11188), redirect a user attempting to login to the captive portal to a malicious website (CVE-2025-11190), and execute JavaScript on the device that is attempting to login to the captive portal (CVE-2025-11189). It should be noted that in regards to CVE-2025-11189 and CVE-2025-11190, the domain is automatically trusted on most devices, due to it being a local address that users must access prior to being granted internet access.
Solution
A security advisory is available on the Kiwire website: https://www.synchroweb.com/release-notes/kiwire/security
SynchroWeb will be contacting individuals who use affected version to assist in their patching process.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the reporters, Joshua Chan (josh.chan@lrqa.com) and Ari Apridana (ari.apridana@lrqa.com) of LRQA. This document was written by Christopher Cullen.

Overview
A remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability, tracked as CVE-2025-10547, was discovered through the EasyVPN and LAN web administration interface of Vigor routers by Draytek. A script in the LAN web administration interface uses an unitialized variable, allowing an attacker to send specially crafted HTTP requests that cause memory corruption and potentially allow arbitrary code execution.
Description
Vigor routers are business-grade routers, designed for small to medium-sized businesses, made by Draytek. These routers provide routing, firewall, VPN, content-filtering, bandwidth management, LAN (local area network), and multi-WAN (wide area network) features. Draytek utilizes a proprietary firmware, DrayOS, on the Vigor router line. DrayOS features the EasyVPN and LAN Web Administrator tool s to facilitate LAN and VPN setup. According to the DrayTek website, “with EasyVPN, users no longer need to generate WireGuard keys, import OpenVPN configuration files, or upload certificates. Instead, VPN can be successfully established by simply entering the username and password or getting the OTP code by email.”
The LAN Web Administrator provides a browser-based user interface for router management. When a user interacts with the LAN Web Administration interface, the user interface elements trigger actions that generate HTTP requests to interact with the local server. This process contains an uninitialized variable. Due to the uninitialized variable, an unauthenticated attacker could perform memory corruption on the router via specially crafted HTTP requests to hijack execution or inject malicious payloads. If EasyVPN is enabled, the flaw could be remotely exploited through the VPN interface.
Impact
A remote, unathenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability through accessing the LAN interface—or potentially the WAN interface—if EasyVPN is enabled or remote administration over the internet is activated. If a remote, unauthenticated attacker leverages this vulnerability, they can execute arbitrary code on the router (RCE) and gain full control of the device. A successful attack could result in a attacker gaining root access to a Vigor router to then install backdoors, reconfigure network settings, or block traffic. An attacker may also pivot for lateral movement via intercepting internal communications and bypassing VPNs.
Solution
The DrayTek Security team has developed a series of patches to remediate the vulnerability, and all users of Vigor routers should upgrade to the latest version ASAP. The patches can be found on the resources page of the DrayTek webpage, and the security advisory can be found within the about section of the DrayTek webpage. Consult either the CVE listing or the advisory page for a full list of affected products.
Acknowledgements
Thanks to the reporter, Pierre-Yves MAES of ChapsVision (pymaes@chapsvision.com). This document was written by Ayushi Kriplani.